The Alberni Valley Tsunami of 1964

Over 300 homes and businesses suffered damage, with some completely swept away. | Source: Port Alberni Maritime Heritage Museum

A Night That Changed the Alberni Valley Forever

In the early hours of March 28, 1964, a devastating tsunami struck the Alberni Valley, forever changing the community. The massive waves were triggered by the Great Alaska Earthquake, a 9.2 magnitude event—the largest ever recorded in North America. The tsunami funneled into the Alberni Inlet, amplifying its force as it surged through Port Alberni and the surrounding areas.

The Impact on Port Alberni

Without warning, waves crashed through the town, destroying bridges, homes, and vehicles. Many residents awoke to the terrifying sound of rushing water, scrambling to escape as the floodwaters rose. Over 300 homes and businesses suffered damage, with some completely swept away. Miraculously, despite the destruction, there were no fatalities.

By the time the waves reached the Alberni Inlet at around midnight, the first measured 2.44m, followed by a larger second wave of 3.05m about an hour later. The second wave caused the most damage, but a total of six waves hit the area, ranging from 1.52m to 3.05m in height. The financial toll was immense, with damages estimated at $5,000,000—a significant sum for the time.

For a more in-depth account of the 1964 tsunami, be sure to check out The Great Tsunami of 1964 written by J. Tardiff at the Port Alberni Maritime Heritage Museum website.

A Community’s Resilience

Gas pumps at the Texaco station on Third Avenue near Redford Street sit destroyed and vehicles are piled on top of each other the day after the 1964 tsunami hit Port Alberni. (JAN JANSMA PHOTO) | Source

In the days and weeks that followed, the people of Alberni Valley came together, determined to rebuild. Neighbors helped neighbors, emergency responders worked tirelessly, and the town quickly recovered. This disaster ultimately led to significant advancements in emergency preparedness, including the installation of modern tsunami warning systems. Additionally, the tsunami played a key role in the decision to amalgamate Alberni and Port Alberni in 1966, bringing the two communities together as a single city.

Commemorating the Tsunami

Every year, residents reflect on the events of that night, ensuring the history is never forgotten. For the 60th anniversary in 2024, a special commemoration was held in Port Alberni, bringing together survivors, historians, and emergency responders to honor the past and discuss future preparedness. The Alberni Valley Museum also holds an extensive collection of photographs and artifacts, preserving the memory of this defining event.

Understanding Tsunami Science

One of the many tectonic plates that make up Earth’s outer shell descends, or “subducts,” under an adjacent plate. | Source

The Alberni tsunami was caused by the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake, which occurred along a subduction zone, triggering a massive displacement of water. The resulting waves traveled over 2,200 kilometers before reaching Vancouver Island. Since then, advancements in seismic monitoring and tsunami modeling have significantly improved, allowing scientists to better predict and warn coastal communities of potential threats.

Tsunami Preparedness Today

The Alberni Valley has emergency sirens in place. | Source: City of Port Alberni Local Government, Facebook

The Alberni Valley has come a long way since 1964. Today, emergency sirens, designated evacuation routes, and safety drills ensure residents are prepared for potential future tsunamis.

On the first Monday of every month at 1 PM, sirens across the Alberni Valley sound the alarm in the form of a didgeridoo, serving as both a system test and a reminder of the 1964 tsunami. Full details on the warning system and evacuation protocols can be found on the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District website.

Emergency Preparedness

Having a household emergency plan in place can make all the difference. | Source

Even with improved warning systems, personal preparedness is key. Emergencies such as floods, fires, or earthquakes can require temporary evacuation. Having a household emergency plan in place can make all the difference. Resources like the Prepared BC Household Plan provide essential guidance for families to be ready for any disaster.

Remembering the Past, Preparing for the Future

The 1964 tsunami remains one of the most significant events in Alberni Valley’s history. Through continued education, preparedness efforts, and annual remembrances, the community ensures that future generations understand both the tragedy and the resilience that followed.

To learn more, visit the Alberni Valley Museum or explore archival footage that captures this moment in time.

For a glimpse into that night, watch the 60th-anniversary commemoration video here: